Content
Diet for liver cirrhosis is an important component of drug treatment. The effectiveness of proper nutrition has long been recognized by medical experts. With cirrhosis of the liver, it is vital for patients to adhere to the rules of the diet, to limit the consumption of harmful foods. Nutrition for cirrhosis is aimed at restoring the diseased organ and the digestive tract as a whole, strengthening the immune system, and reducing the load on the liver.
General nutritional rules for liver cirrhosis
Cirrhosis of the liver is a rather serious chronic disease, characterized by an irreversible process of replacing the parenchymal tissue of the organ with fibrous connective tissue. With this disease, the liver is either excessively enlarged or reduced, the structure of the organ is bumpy, dense. The most common causes of cirrhosis are regular alcohol intoxication, viral hepatitis. Rare causes of pathology include heart failure, diseases of the biliary tract, long-term use of certain medications.
Symptoms characteristic of liver cirrhosis:
- asthenia, decreased performance;
- various manifestations of indigestion, flatulence;
- high temperature;
- joint and muscle pain;
- unpleasant painful sensations in the upper abdomen;
- loss of body weight.
Due to complications, portal vein thrombosis, bleeding from the veins of the esophagus, hepatic coma, and liver cancer can develop. Treatment of the disease consists in long-term use of medications, strict adherence to diet and diet.
A special diet for cirrhosis helps slow the progression of the disease and reduce the risk of complications. The most appropriate choice of diet for liver cirrhosis is diet No. 5 according to Pevzner. It is prescribed by doctors to patients with the following diseases:
- viral hepatitis;
- inflammatory processes of the gallbladder;
- liver failure;
- chronic cholecystitis;
- gallstone disease.
Diet number 5 does not involve the use of foods with high cholesterol, fat, salt, fried foods. The main goal of such a diet is to reduce the load on the diseased organ and restore the disturbed work of the biliary tract. The correct diet and diet for liver cirrhosis means:
- cooking by stewing, baking and boiling;
- fractional meals in small portions, 5-6 meals per day;
- the inclusion in the diet of foods that promote the removal of bile, for example, fruits and vegetables after heat treatment;
- the use of proteins up to 80 g, fats not more than 90 g and mainly of vegetable origin, carbohydrates up to 400 g per day;
- the energy value should be about 2500-2800 kcal per day.
Features of nutrition at different stages of cirrhosis
Liver cirrhosis has several stages. It is necessary to identify the phase of the disease during diagnostic measures, since it will affect subsequent treatment.The disease is characterized by stages:
- initial;
- compensation stage;
- decompensation;
- final or terminal.
Each of these phases of cirrhosis has its own characteristics of the course and clinical manifestations. The nature of therapeutic measures and diet directly depends on the stage of the disease.
At the stage of compensation
The stage of compensation occurs after the initial phase of the disease. At this time, cirrhosis of the liver is not yet manifested so clearly. The functions of the organ are preserved, but the intensity of the necrotic process is gradually increasing. During this period, the initial signs of organ damage may appear - an increase in temperature, bouts of vomiting and nausea, a change in the color of feces and urine. With an unfavorable course, complications develop.
Meals consumed during the compensation phase of the diet should be limited in protein. Carbohydrate intake can be increased up to 500 g per day. Due to them, you can provide the patient with energy and prevent depletion of the body.
At the stage of decompensation
The decompensation stage is a severe phase of liver cirrhosis. Healthy organ cells are no longer able to compensate for the work of the affected areas.
The patient's condition is serious - there are some disturbances in the work of the nervous system, intoxication of the whole organism develops, complications. The patient's weight drops sharply, he experiences severe weakness, pain in joints and muscles. With this form, the patient must be under constant medical supervision in a hospital, as complications can develop rapidly.
A diet for cirrhosis in the stage of decompensation with complications in the form of ascites requires the exclusion of protein products from the diet, and all dishes should not contain salt. The best diet will be chopped food and strict fluid control.
Allowed Products
Table number 5 for cirrhosis of the liver allows the use of the following foods:
- soups on vegetable broths with the addition of cereals;
- lean meat, poultry and fish;
- coarsely dried rye bread, dry biscuits, biscuits;
- dairy and fermented milk products with a low fat content;
- eggs (omelettes or soft-boiled);
- semi-liquid porridge on water from buckwheat, oatmeal, rice;
- almost all types of vegetables are boiled, baked, stewed;
- vegetable oils;
- pasta;
- ripe, sweet fruits;
- weak tea, juices, compotes, jelly, decoctions, still mineral water.
Partially restricted products
Foods during a diet for liver disease, the use of which the patient should be careful about and add them to the diet not too often:
- sweets - marshmallow, marshmallow, jam, honey;
- sweet drinks;
- butter;
- not hot seasonings and spices;
- eggs no more than one per day;
- not rich pastries;
- boiled sausage and sausages.
Such products with cirrhosis of the liver should not be consumed often and in large quantities.
Prohibited foods
From the diet for cirrhosis, you should permanently exclude:
- fried, spicy and salty foods;
- hot seasonings and spices;
- marinades, conservation, smoked meats;
- any fatty food;
- rich broths;
- offal;
- fresh bread, baked goods;
- scrambled eggs;
- peas, beans, mushrooms, nuts, seeds;
- vegetables - garlic, spinach, onions, turnips, sorrel, radishes;
- sugar, coffee, cocoa, ice cream, chocolate;
- carbonated drinks.
Diet number 5 for liver cirrhosis
At home, a therapeutic diet for liver cirrhosis is quite simple and effective, especially for alcoholic and biliary forms of the disease.It is distinguished by its rigor and the complete exclusion of many foods and dishes. However, patients do not remain hungry with such a diet, because the daily calorie content averages 2500 kcal. At the same time, the burden on the liver is reduced due to light food. Often it is necessary to adjust the menu due to emerging complications and concomitant diseases.
Approximate diet for a week with cirrhosis
The disease is complex, so it is important that a dietitian helps to draw up the diet menu, based on the stage of the disease and the complications that have arisen.
1 day:
- first breakfast - boiled buckwheat porridge, sweet herbal tea;
- second breakfast - apple and pumpkin soufflé with honey;
- lunch - mashed potatoes and zucchini soup, boiled veal, liquid jelly from berries;
- afternoon tea - fermented baked milk, biscuits;
- dinner - cauliflower with steamed egg and herbs and boiled chicken breast, fruit drink.
2 day:
- first breakfast - oatmeal on water with dried apricots, black tea with milk;
- second breakfast - an apple without a peel, baked in the oven;
- lunch - pumpkin puree with herbs, steamed fish, rosehip broth;
- afternoon tea - milk;
- dinner - rabbit with mashed potatoes, herbal decoction.
Day 3:
- first breakfast - cottage cheese with raisins and honey, weak tea;
- second breakfast - chamomile tea, crackers;
- lunch - noodle soup with chicken breast, carrot cutlet with low-fat sour cream, green tea with sugar;
- afternoon tea - banana soufflé;
- dinner - fine vermicelli with baked chicken, low-fat milk.
Day 4:
- the first breakfast - lazy dumplings with cottage cheese, broth with rose hips;
- second breakfast - applesauce;
- lunch - vegetable soup with noodles, foil casserole of veal with zucchini, tea;
- afternoon tea - oatmeal jelly;
- dinner - baked chicken with potatoes.
Day 5:
- the first breakfast - liquid rice porridge with prunes, weak green tea;
- second breakfast - an egg with toast, fruit drink;
- lunch - cream soup with pumpkin, chicken cutlet, herbal tea;
- afternoon snack - fruit beefelife;
- dinner - steamed cheesecakes, compote.
6 day:
- first breakfast - steamed omelet with crackers, green tea;
- second breakfast - jelly, crackers;
- lunch - boiled turkey, baked potatoes, yogurt;
- afternoon tea - peach;
- dinner - boiled pollock, vegetable stew, sweet black tea.
Day 7:
- first breakfast - liquid semolina porridge with vanilla, black tea;
- second breakfast - low-fat cottage cheese with honey;
- lunch - soup with noodles in vegetable broth, meatballs, compote;
- afternoon tea - rosehip tea, dry biscuits;
- dinner - oatmeal, baked pumpkin with honey, fruit drink.
The menu for dieting with cirrhosis of the liver for every day should be as tasty and varied as possible. This will make it easier for the patient to follow the recommended diet.
Recipes for liver cirrhosis
There are many recipes for delicious dishes that can be useful for liver cirrhosis. The main thing is to use the correct heat treatment during cooking so as not to harm the liver.
Cottage cheese casserole
Rub 200-300 g of cottage cheese with sugar and an egg, add raisins, a little flour. Stir the mixture so that there are no lumps, pour into a baking dish. Cook over low heat in the oven. Serve with honey.
Pumpkin puree soup
Boil pumpkin, potatoes and carrots. Purée vegetables with a blender, dilute with broth if necessary. Keeping the mixture on low heat, pour in a thin stream of cream, stir the mass continuously. Garnish with herbs when serving.
Steamed cutlets
Cut the chicken breast as finely as possible with a knife until minced meat, add greens, an egg, mix, form balls and place them in a double boiler. Serve with low-fat sour cream.
Conclusion
A diet for liver cirrhosis is essential in the treatment of this complex disease.It is aimed at maintaining the diseased organ and improving the general condition of the patient's body. By adhering to the correct diet, the further development of the disease can be postponed for a long time.
